Difference Between Passover and Last Supper is pretty fascinating when you get into it. Passover is an ancient Jewish festival celebrating the liberation of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery, complete with a Seder meal that’s rich in symbolism—from matzah (unleavened bread) to wine and bitter herbs. Think of it like a yearly family gathering filled with storytelling and specific foods that remind everyone of their shared history.
On the flip side, the Last Supper was a one-time event where Jesus, a Jew Himself, sat down with His disciples for what He knew would be His final meal before His crucifixion.
This meal, often depicted in Christian art, is considered the origin of the Christian sacrament of the Eucharist or Holy Communion. During this supper, Jesus introduced new symbolic acts like breaking the bread to represent His body and drinking wine as His blood, establishing a new covenant between God and humanity.
So while both involve shared meals and deep spiritual significance, they stem from different events and have distinct meanings in their respective religious traditions. How cool is that?
Hey, ever wondered about the difference between Passover and Last Supper? If you’ve been puzzled by this, you’re not alone. These two events often come up in religious and historical discussions, and for good reason—they’re incredibly significant! So, let’s dive right in and answer this burning question.
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Difference between Passover and Last Supper
Passover is a Jewish festival that commemorates the Exodus from Egypt. The Last Supper, on the other hand, is a Christian event where Jesus had his final meal with His disciples before His crucifixion. One is an age-old Jewish tradition; the other is a cornerstone of Christian belief.
How Many Years Between Passover and Last Supper
Wondering about the timeline? Passover has been observed for thousands of years since the Exodus, while the Last Supper happened around 2,000 years ago.
Sure, here’s a table that lays out the beginnings and history of the Jewish Passover in an easy-to-understand way. Buckle up, because this is like a trip back in time!
Time Period | Events & Milestones | Significance |
---|---|---|
Biblical Era | Exodus from Egypt | This is the biggie: the event that started it all! The Israelites are freed from slavery in Egypt, and God gives them the Passover celebration as a way to remember their liberation. |
1st Century BCE | Second Temple Period | Passover is now a well-established pilgrimage festival. Jewish families travel to Jerusalem to sacrifice the Paschal lamb at the Temple. |
70 CE | Destruction of the Second Temple | With no temple, the focus of Passover shifts to individual homes. The Seder meal becomes more formalized, including rituals we recognize today like the telling of the Exodus story, the Four Questions, and the eating of matzah. |
Medieval Period | Development of the Haggadah | This is the guidebook for the Seder, and it gets developed during this time. It includes prayers, stories, and songs—all the hits you expect at a modern Seder. |
18th-19th Century | Modernization & Adaptation | In the face of modern challenges, Passover observances adapt but continue. Different Jewish communities add their unique spins to the celebration. |
20th Century to Now | Passover in Contemporary Times | The core traditions remain, but new adaptations for different groups (like a feminist Seder or a vegan Seder) emerge. There’s even an app for a digital Haggadah! |
So, whether you’re celebrating in a way that’s traditional or a bit more modern, the essence of Passover remains the same—a commemoration of freedom and a celebration of identity. How awesome is that?
7 Key Lessons we Learn from the Passover
let’s explore some of the insightful life lessons we can glean from the Passover celebration! 🌟
- The Importance of Freedom 🗽: Passover is a powerful reminder that freedom is a fundamental human right. The Israelites’ journey from slavery to liberation urges us to cherish our own freedoms and advocate for those who are oppressed.
- Unity and Family Bonds 👨👩👧👦: The Seder meal is a time for families to come together, tell stories, and pass down traditions. This focus on family reminds us that a united family can weather any storm and that the home can be a sanctuary.
- The Power of Storytelling 📖: The story of Exodus is told generation after generation. It’s a lesson in the power of narrative to inspire, educate, and foster a sense of identity and belonging. Never underestimate the power of a well-told tale.
- Hope and Optimism 🌈: No matter how bleak the situation may look, the story of Passover instills a sense of hope and optimism. The phrase “Next Year in Jerusalem” is a testament to the enduring Jewish spirit that looks forward to a brighter future.
- The Value of Tradition 🕍: The rituals, foods, and songs of Passover have been preserved for thousands of years. This adherence to tradition reminds us that rituals can ground us, give us a sense of continuity, and connect us to our roots.
- Human Resilience and Courage 💪: The hardships faced by the Israelites, from slavery to wandering in the desert, remind us of the indomitable human spirit. Challenges and obstacles are a part of life, but they can be overcome with resilience and courage.
- Gratitude and Thanksgiving 🙏: Being thankful for our blessings is a cornerstone of Passover. As you dip the bitter herbs in saltwater and savor the matzah, you’re reminded to be grateful for the good and the bad, as both shape who we are.
So there you have it! Seven key life lessons from Passover that are not only valuable for those observing the holiday but offer universal insights that anyone can appreciate. 🎉
7 Key Lessons we Learn from the Last Supper
The Last Supper is a profoundly significant event in Christian theology and offers several life lessons that can resonate with people from all walks of life. So, let’s dive into what we can learn! 🌟
- The Gift of Sacrifice ❤️: Jesus knew that he would be crucified, yet he spent his last moments with his disciples. This teaches us the importance of sacrifice and selfless love, something that we can all strive to emulate in our own relationships.
- Value of Community 👫: The Last Supper was a gathering of Jesus and his closest companions. The sense of community underscores the need for us to foster strong bonds and meaningful connections with those around us.
- Forgiveness is Divine 🕊️: Jesus used this time to speak of forgiveness, even in the face of betrayal. This can serve as a powerful lesson in forgiveness and grace, two things that can dramatically alter the course of our emotional lives.
- Be of Service to Others 🤲: The act of Jesus washing his disciples’ feet is a beautiful symbol of humility and service. It’s a lesson in putting others’ needs before our own, and the joy and fulfillment that can come from acts of kindness.
- Spiritual Sustenance 🍞🍷: Through the breaking of bread and drinking of wine, symbolic of his body and blood, Jesus emphasized the importance of spiritual nourishment. This reminds us that while physical sustenance is crucial, so too is feeding our souls.
- Lasting Legacy 🌱: The Last Supper initiated the ritual of Communion, a tradition that has endured for over two millennia. This teaches us that our actions and teachings can leave a lasting impact that transcends time and space.
- Hope and Renewal 🌅: Despite the grim fate that awaited him, Jesus spoke of a new covenant and the coming of God’s kingdom. This lesson in eternal hope reminds us that no matter how dark things get, renewal and brighter days are always on the horizon.
So, whether you’re Christian or not, these lessons from the Last Supper offer valuable insights into love, sacrifice, and the human spirit. Isn’t it incredible how much we can learn from a single meal? 🎉
9 Key Differences Between the Jewish Passover and the Christian Last Supper
Here’s a nifty table that highlights the key differences between the Jewish Passover and the Christian Last Supper. Both are super important in their respective religions, but they’ve got some distinct characteristics that set them apart.
Features | Passover | The Last Supper |
---|---|---|
Origin | Jewish tradition, dating back to the Exodus from Egypt. | Christian tradition, based on Jesus’ final meal with His disciples before His crucifixion. |
Historical Context | Celebrates the Israelites’ liberation from Egyptian slavery. | Commemorates Jesus’ last meal and serves as the basis for the Christian sacrament of the Eucharist. |
Significance | Liberation and freedom from slavery. | New covenant between God and humanity; the sacrifice of Jesus for the redemption of sins. |
Main Book/Text | Torah, specifically the Book of Exodus. | The New Testament of the Bible, particularly the Gospels. |
Symbols | Matzah, wine, bitter herbs, the Paschal lamb. | Bread and wine, which symbolize the body and blood of Jesus. |
Meal | Seder, a structured meal with readings, prayers, and special foods. | Not as structured as a Seder, but includes breaking of bread and drinking of wine. |
Frequency | Annual, based on the Jewish lunar calendar. | Often observed weekly or monthly in Christian services, especially during Maundy Thursday. |
Location | Celebrated in homes and sometimes in synagogues. | Initially, a single event in Jerusalem; now commemorated in churches worldwide. |
Participation | Primarily Jewish families and sometimes guests. | Primarily Christians, as it’s a foundational event in Christian theology. |
Modern Adaptations | Eco-friendly Seders, feminist Seders, digital Haggadahs. | Different Christian denominations have their own ways of observing, like Catholic Mass or Protestant Communion services. |
Was the Passover the Same as Last Supper
Spoiler alert: No, they aren’t the same, but they are intricately linked. The Last Supper occurred during the Passover week.
Let’s dive into some of the key reasons why Passover and the Last Supper aren’t the same thing, even though they may seem similar at first glance. Here’s the lowdown:
- Different Origins: Passover has its roots in the Jewish tradition and celebrates the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. The Last Supper, on the other hand, is a Christian tradition that commemorates Jesus’ final meal with His disciples.
- Distinct Significance: Passover is all about freedom and liberation, whereas the Last Supper focuses on the new covenant between God and humanity and the sacrifice that Jesus would soon make.
- Separate Texts: Passover is based on the Torah, specifically the Book of Exodus. The Last Supper is described in the New Testament, particularly in the Gospels.
- Unique Rituals: The Passover Seder has a set structure with specific readings, prayers, and foods like matzah and bitter herbs. The Last Supper has its own set of rituals involving bread and wine, which symbolize Jesus’ body and blood.
- Frequency & Timing: Passover is an annual event based on the Jewish lunar calendar. The Last Supper, or the practice of Communion or Eucharist that it inspired, is often observed more frequently, sometimes even weekly, in Christian traditions.
- Meal Structure: The Seder is a highly structured meal with a specific order to the foods consumed and stories told. The Last Supper doesn’t have this level of formality and focuses primarily on the bread and wine.
- Location: Passover is typically celebrated in homes or sometimes in synagogues. The Last Supper was a one-time event but is commemorated in churches worldwide.
- Audience: Passover is mainly for Jewish families and sometimes includes guests. The Last Supper, being a cornerstone of Christian theology, is primarily for Christians.
- Symbolism: While both have elements of shared meals and rituals, the symbolism behind the food and actions are different. For example, the Paschal lamb in Passover represents God’s protection, whereas in the Last Supper, Jesus himself is often seen as the “Lamb of God.”
- Modern Adaptations: Both have evolved over time, but in unique ways. There are eco-friendly Seders, feminist Seders, and digital Haggadahs for Passover. For the Last Supper, different Christian denominations have their own interpretations and methods of observance.
How is Passover Different in Israel
In Israel, Passover holds a unique status and is celebrated with a sense of national identity.
What is the Difference between Feast of Passover and Feast of Pentecost
While both are Jewish festivals, Passover commemorates the Exodus, and the Feast of Pentecost celebrates the giving of the Torah.
Passover is a significant event for Jewish communities worldwide, but the way it’s celebrated can differ quite a bit depending on where you are. Here’s a table that breaks down some of the key differences between observing Passover in the United States versus in Israel.
Features | Passover in the United States | Passover in Israel |
---|---|---|
Duration | Usually 8 days, with Seders typically held on the first two nights. | 7 days, with one Seder on the first night. |
Public Holiday | Not a public holiday. People often take time off work. | Public holiday for the entire duration, including special Passover events and attractions. |
Shopping | Specific Passover aisles in grocery stores, but not everywhere. | Nearly all stores carry Passover items, and many non-Kosher for Passover items are removed from shelves. |
Language | Haggadahs and prayers often in both Hebrew and English. | Mostly Hebrew, though English versions are available. |
Community Events | Community Seders in synagogues, public spaces, and universities. | Nationwide events, including public Seders and educational programs. |
Food Diversity | More influence from Ashkenazi traditions, like gefilte fish. | More Sephardic and Middle Eastern influences, like lamb and matzah bread flavored with za’atar or hyssop. |
Tourism | Not a significant tourism event. | Major tourism event with special Passover tours and activities. |
Technology | Virtual Seders have become popular, especially due to COVID-19. | Virtual Seders exist but are less common due to the public holiday status and family gatherings. |
Cultural Infusion | Elements of American culture, like “Freedom Seders,” may be included. | Strong emphasis on Israeli culture and the experience of liberation related to the formation of the State of Israel. |
From duration to shopping to cultural nuances, Passover observance varies quite a bit between the U.S. and Israel. But at the end of the day, the core essence of Passover—celebrating freedom and community—remains the same no matter where you are. Isn’t it cool how traditions can be so flexible yet so enduring?
10 Ways How Was the First Passover Fulfilled at the Last Supper
Jesus celebrated Passover in a way that fulfilled its ancient symbolism, ushering in a new covenant.
They’re linked in many fascinating ways, and understanding one can deepen your understanding of the other. Here’s a handy table that lays out how elements of the First Passover were fulfilled during the Last Supper.
Features | First Passover (Jewish Tradition) | Last Supper (Christian Tradition) |
---|---|---|
Historical Context | The night before the Exodus from Egypt, marking liberation from slavery. | Jesus’ final meal with His disciples before His crucifixion, introducing the New Covenant. |
Symbol of Redemption | Paschal Lamb sacrificed and its blood put on doorposts. | Jesus refers to Himself as the “Lamb of God,” whose sacrifice redeems humanity from sin. |
Main Elements of the Meal | Lamb, unleavened bread (matzah), and bitter herbs. | Bread and wine, symbolizing Jesus’ body and blood. |
Ritual Words | Prayers, storytelling from the Haggadah, questions and answers. | Jesus blesses the bread and wine, declaring them as His body and blood. |
Promise of Freedom | Freedom from physical slavery in Egypt. | Promise of spiritual freedom and eternal life through Jesus’ sacrifice. |
Role of Blood | Blood of the lamb as a sign of protection from divine judgment. | Jesus’ blood as a means of salvation and protection from spiritual death. |
Eating Together | Families gather to eat the Passover Seder together. | Disciples gather around Jesus for a communal meal, which becomes the basis for the Christian practice of Communion. |
Retelling the Story | The Exodus story is told to remember God’s deliverance. | Christians recount the story of the Last Supper and Jesus’ sacrifice, particularly during Holy Week. |
Preparation | Homes cleaned rigorously to remove leaven (chametz). | Jesus instructs His disciples to prepare a place for the Passover meal, knowing it would be His last. |
Looking to the Future | Concludes with “Next year in Jerusalem,” signifying hope for ultimate redemption. | Instituted the practice of Communion, to be continued “in remembrance” of Him until His return. |
So there you have it! The Last Supper can be seen as a fulfillment of the First Passover in several intriguing ways, from the symbolism of the lamb to the communal aspect of the meal. These layers of meaning really show how interconnected these traditions are, don’t you think?
How Did Jesus Celebrate Passover
Ever thought how a guy from 2,000 years ago celebrated? Well, Jesus likely observed the traditional Passover Seder.
The Last Supper, which is described in the New Testament of the Bible, is considered by many scholars and theologians to be a Passover meal that Jesus celebrated with His disciples. Below is a table that highlights some of the ways Jesus observed Passover, based on biblical accounts.
Features | Description from Biblical Accounts |
---|---|
Preparation | Jesus sent two of His disciples ahead with specific instructions to prepare the Passover meal (Luke 22:8-13). |
Location | The meal was held in an upper room in Jerusalem, often referred to as the “Upper Room” (Mark 14:15). |
Gathering of Disciples | Jesus gathered His 12 disciples to share the Passover meal (Matthew 26:20). |
Breaking of Bread | Jesus took bread, gave thanks, broke it, and gave it to His disciples, saying it was His body (Luke 22:19). |
Pouring of Wine | He took a cup of wine, gave thanks, and shared it among the disciples, declaring it the “New Covenant” in His blood (Luke 22:20). |
Foot Washing | In an act of humility and service, Jesus washed the disciples’ feet (John 13:4-5). |
Prediction of Betrayal | During the meal, Jesus predicted that one of the disciples would betray Him (Matthew 26:21-25). |
Kingdom Talk | Jesus talked about the Kingdom of God, saying He would not drink wine again until the Kingdom came (Matthew 26:29). |
Singing Hymns | After the meal, they sang hymns before heading out to the Mount of Olives (Matthew 26:30). |
Prayer in Gethsemane | After leaving the meal, Jesus and His disciples went to the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus prayed intensely (Matthew 26:36-44). |
Spiritual Significance | Jesus used the meal to symbolize the New Covenant and His impending sacrifice for the redemption of humanity (Luke 22:19-20). |
Instruction for Remembrance | Jesus instructed His disciples to continue the practice of breaking bread and drinking wine in remembrance of Him (1 Corinthians 11:24-25). |
So there you have it! According to biblical accounts, Jesus observed Passover in a deeply meaningful and spiritual manner, introducing new rituals that would become foundational to Christian practice. Pretty amazing how one meal can hold so much significance, right?
How Did Jesus Fulfill the Symbolism of the Passover
By becoming the sacrificial lamb, Jesus fulfilled the symbolism of Passover, paving the way for a new spiritual freedom.
Why is it Important to Make a Link Between Passover and Last Supper
Understanding this link offers deeper insights into both Jewish and Christian traditions.
Similarities and Differences Between Passover and Eucharist
Passover and Eucharist have both differences and similarities, particularly in the symbols they use.
Passover and Eucharist are significant rituals in Judaism and Christianity, respectively. While they are distinct in their traditions and meaning, they also share some striking similarities. Here’s a table that compares and contrasts the two:
Features | Passover (Jewish Tradition) | Eucharist (Christian Tradition) |
---|---|---|
Purpose | To commemorate the Israelites’ liberation from Egyptian slavery. | To remember Jesus Christ’s sacrifice for humanity’s sins. |
Historical Origin | Originates from the Book of Exodus in the Old Testament. | Originates from the Last Supper, as described in the New Testament. |
Elements of the Ritual | Lamb, unleavened bread (matzah), bitter herbs, and wine. | Bread and wine, symbolizing the body and blood of Jesus Christ. |
Frequency of Celebration | Annually, during the spring season. | Varies among denominations. Can be weekly, monthly, or during special occasions. |
Setting | Primarily home-based, around a family table. | Generally church-based, conducted by clergy. |
Narrative Element | Story of the Exodus is retold. | Story of Jesus’ Last Supper and sacrifice is recounted. |
Prayers and Readings | From the Haggadah, including the Four Questions. | From liturgical texts, including the words of institution (“This is my body… This is my blood…”). |
Community Involvement | Family gathering, with an option for community Seders. | Congregational gathering, led by clergy. |
Symbolism of Bread | Matzah symbolizes the haste in which Israelites left Egypt. | Bread symbolizes the body of Jesus, broken for humanity’s sins. |
Symbolism of Wine | Wine symbolizes the joy of liberation. | Wine symbolizes the blood of Jesus, shed for the remission of sins. |
Passing of Elements | Each participant usually serves themselves or is served by the host. | Clergy often distribute the elements to the congregation. |
Foot Washing | Not a standard part of the ritual. | In some Christian traditions, foot washing is conducted to mimic Jesus’ actions at the Last Supper. |
Messianic Expectation | “Next Year in Jerusalem” signifies hope for ultimate redemption. | “Do this in remembrance of me until I come” signifies expectation of Christ’s return. |
I hope this table helps you understand how Passover and Eucharist, while rooted in different traditions, have certain parallels that speak to universal themes of liberation, community, and divine love. Fascinating, isn’t it?
What is the Difference Between Passover and Communion
Passover uses matzah and wine, while Communion uses bread and wine.
What are the Similarities Between Passover and Communion
Both rituals involve sharing a meal and wine, symbolizing community and divine connection.
Catholic Passover Story
In the Catholic context, the Last Supper is often viewed as the first Holy Communion.
Holy Communion in the Catholic Church is a meaningful and significant part of the Mass. It symbolizes the body and blood of Jesus Christ and serves as a source of spiritual nourishment for the faithful. Here’s a rundown of the key steps:
- Preparation of the Altar: After the Liturgy of the Word, the altar is prepared for the Eucharistic celebration. This often involves placing the corporal, purificator, and other liturgical items on the altar.
- Presentation of Gifts: Members of the congregation bring forth bread and wine, which are then placed on the altar. This is also called the Offertory.
- Prayer Over the Offerings: The priest prays over the gifts, asking God to accept them.
- Eucharistic Prayer: This is the heart of the Mass. The priest chooses one of the approved Eucharistic prayers and invokes the Holy Spirit to transform the bread and wine into the body and blood of Jesus Christ.
- Consecration: The priest recites the words of Jesus from the Last Supper: “This is my body” and “This is my blood.” Catholics believe that during this moment, the bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of Jesus, a concept known as transubstantiation.
- The Lord’s Prayer: Also known as the “Our Father,” this prayer is recited by the congregation, signifying unity and preparing the community for Communion.
- Sign of Peace: Members of the congregation exchange a sign of peace, typically a handshake or a hug, to demonstrate fellowship before partaking of the Eucharist.
- Fraction Rite: The priest breaks the consecrated bread as a symbol of Jesus’ body broken for us.
- Agnus Dei: The “Lamb of God” prayer is recited or sung, asking for God’s mercy and peace.
- Communion: The priest and any assisting deacons or Eucharistic ministers distribute the consecrated bread and wine to the congregation. The faithful receive the Eucharist, usually first the bread and then the wine, while making the sign of the cross.
- Prayer After Communion: Once everyone has received the Eucharist, a brief prayer of thanksgiving is said.
- Final Blessing and Dismissal: The Mass concludes with a final blessing from the priest, followed by a dismissal (“Go forth, the Mass is ended”), encouraging the congregation to live out their faith in the world.
And there you have it—a step-by-step rundown of Holy Communion in the Catholic Mass! Each step carries its own unique significance, weaving together to create a deeply spiritual experience. Isn’t it amazing how rituals can bring communities closer and deepen individual faith?
Why is Passover Called the New Eucharist
The Last Supper has been called the “New Eucharist” to indicate its fulfillment of the Passover.
Difference Between Lord’s Supper and Holy Communion
Both terms refer to the same event but emphasize different aspects.
Why is the Lord’s Supper Also Called Holy Communion
The term ‘Holy Communion’ highlights the communal aspect of the ritual.
Galilean Passover vs. Judean Passover
Galilean and Judean Passovers have some differences in customs and timings.
When we talk about Galilean and Judean Passover celebrations, we’re diving into some fascinating differences rooted in geography, cultural nuances, and interpretations of Jewish law. Here’s a table that lays out the similarities and differences between the two:
Features | Galilean Passover | Judean Passover |
---|---|---|
Geographical Region | Galilee, in the northern part of ancient Israel. | Judea, in the southern part around Jerusalem. |
Cultural Background | Influenced by a mix of Jewish and Gentile cultures. | Dominated by a strictly Jewish cultural environment. |
Timing of the Passover Lamb Slaughter | Usually in the afternoon, before the Passover meal. | Strictly in the late afternoon at the Temple in Jerusalem. |
Meal Structure | Less formal, possibly more variations in the Seder. | Highly structured, with specific liturgical traditions. |
Role of the Temple | Lesser focus on the Temple rituals. | Central focus on Temple rituals and sacrifices. |
Attendance | Mostly local or familial gatherings. | Larger gatherings, often including pilgrims to Jerusalem. |
Seder Plate Elements | Basic elements but could include local variations. | Standardized elements as defined by Temple practices. |
Recitation of Haggadah | More flexible in the interpretation and storytelling. | More formalized and standardized. |
Role of Women | Generally more inclusive. | Traditionally, men lead the Seder. |
Musical Traditions | May include local tunes and folk traditions. | Follows established liturgical melodies. |
Involvement of Children | Often more interactive and participatory. | Formalized role, mainly asking the Four Questions. |
Reading of Scriptures | Flexible, may include additional texts. | Specific set of readings and prayers. |
Closing Prayers and Songs | May vary and include local customs. | Follows a structured set of prayers, like the Hallel. |
Messianic Expectation | May be more influenced by local beliefs. | Strictly adheres to traditional Jewish messianic views. |
While both Galilean and Judean Passover celebrations share the core essence of commemorating the Exodus and freedom from slavery, their differences make each unique. Just goes to show, even when celebrating the same event, different communities can bring their own flavors to the table—quite literally!
How is the Last Supper in the Synoptic Gospels Different than John’s
John’s account places the Last Supper before the Passover meal, unlike the Synoptic Gospels.
Final Thoughts – Difference Between Passover and Last Supper
Understanding the difference between Passover and Last Supper can enrich your understanding of both Judaism and Christianity. So, what do you think? Mind-blown or just enlightened?
FAQs
- Is the Last Supper a Passover meal?
- Not exactly, but it occurred during the Passover week.
- What is the Feast of Pentecost?
- It’s a Jewish festival that celebrates the giving of the Torah.
- What is the Eucharist?
- In Christianity, it’s the ceremonial commemoration of the Last Supper.
- Why do Jews celebrate Passover?
- To commemorate their liberation from slavery in Egypt.
- Is Holy Communion the same as the Last Supper?
- Holy Communion is a reenactment of the Last Supper in Christian tradition.