What is the History of Christianity?

The history of Christianity can be broadly outlined, beginning with its foundation by Jesus Christ in the 1st century AD. This new faith quickly spread throughout the Roman Empire, despite facing severe persecution from Roman authorities. With the conversion of Emperor Constantine in the early 4th century and the subsequent Edict of Milan in 313 AD, Christianity was granted legal status, leading to its rapid expansion and eventual establishment as the state religion of the Roman Empire.

Over the centuries, Christianity has experienced significant developments, including the division between the Eastern Orthodox and Western Roman Catholic branches in the Great Schism of 1054, and the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, which further diversified Christian practices and beliefs. The missionary efforts of various Christian denominations have also played a critical role in spreading Christianity globally, making it one of the world’s major religions today.

Relevant Bible verses that reflect on the spread and significance of Christianity include:

• Matthew 28:19-20 (bold for emphasis): “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age.”
• Acts 1:8 (bold for emphasis): “But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.”

Three main takeaways from the history of Christianity are:

1. Resilience and Growth: Christianity’s growth from a persecuted minority to a major world religion demonstrates its resilience and the enduring appeal of its teachings.
2. Diversity and Division: The history of Christianity is marked by both diversity and division, with various branches and denominations emerging over time, each with its own unique traditions and interpretations of Christian doctrine.
3. Impact on Society: Christianity has had a profound impact on societies around the world, influencing art, culture, laws, and social institutions, and continuing to play a significant role in the lives of billions of people today.