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Who Baptized Jesus in the Bible

who baptized jesus in the bible

Who Baptized Jesus in the Bible

When it comes to the biblical account of Jesus’s baptism, the question arises: who was the one who baptized him? The answer can be found in the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. In Matthew 3:13–17, John the Baptist is depicted as the one who initially resists baptizing Jesus but eventually consents. This significant event (baptism of jesus) holds great importance in Christian beliefs and signifies Jesus’s identification with sinful humanity.

Key Takeaways:

  • Jesus’s baptism is recorded in Matthew 3:13–17, Mark 1:9–11, and Luke 3:21–22.
  • John the Baptist plays a crucial role in baptizing Jesus.
  • Jesus’s baptism symbolizes his identification with sinful humanity.
  • The event marks the beginning of Jesus’s public ministry.
  • Jesus’s baptism is mentioned in the New Testament and serves as the basis for the Christian rite of baptism.

Who was Jesus in the Bible 📚

Who Baptized Jesus in the Bible

There are many different opinions on who baptized Jesus in the Bible. Some say that it was John the Baptist, while others say that it was someone else.

The baptism of Jesus is an important event in the New Testament. It is the moment when Jesus is initiated into his public ministry. Baptism is also a significant event for Christians, as it is a moment when they are initiated into the church.

There are several different accounts of the baptism of Jesus in the New Testament. In the Gospel of Mark, John the Baptist baptizes Jesus in the River Jordan. John sees Jesus coming towards him and says, “Behold the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world!” (Mark 1:9-11).

In the Gospel of Matthew, John the Baptist again baptizes Jesus in the River Jordan. However, in this account, John hesitates to baptize Jesus at first, saying that he is not worthy to do so. Jesus insists, however, and John eventually relents (Matthew 3:13-17).

In the Gospel of Luke, John the Baptist does not actually baptize Jesus himself. Rather, he witnesses Jesus being baptized by someone else. John says of Jesus, “I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it rested on him” (Luke 3:21-22).

So, who actually baptized Jesus in the Bible? It is impossible to say for sure. However, it is clear that baptism was an important event in Jesus’ life and in the early church.

Who was John the Baptist

John the Baptist was a unique figure in history. He was known for his preaching and baptizing in the New Testament. His baptism in the New Testament was a turning point for many people. It was a time when people turned from their old ways and turned to God. John the Baptist was a man who had a profound impact on the world.

The New Testament records that John the Baptist was a man who preached and baptized in the Jordan River. His message was simple: repent and be baptized, and you will be forgiven. His words struck a chord with many people, and they came to him to be baptized.

As Jesus began His public ministry, John the Baptist continued to preach and baptized people. However, he began to see that Jesus was someone special. He proclaimed that Jesus was the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world.

After Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist, John saw the Spirit of God descend on Jesus. He knew that Jesus was the Son of God. From that moment on, John devoted himself to proclaiming the Good News of Jesus Christ.

John the Baptist was a man who had a profound impact on the world. His simple message of repentance and baptism changed the lives of many people. He was a faithful witness to the Good News of Jesus Christ.

What is Biblical Baptism in Jesus’ baptism account

Biblical baptism is 

We read in John 1:29-31 that when John the Baptist saw Jesus coming to him, he cried out, “Behold, the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world! This is He on behalf of whom I said, ‘After me comes a Man who has a higher rank than I, for He existed before me.’ I did not recognize Him, but so that He might be manifested to Israel, I came baptizing in water.”

And John bore witness, saying, “I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and He remained upon Him. I did not recognize Him, but He who sent me to baptize in water said to me, ‘He upon whom you see the Spirit descending and remaining upon Him, this is the One who baptizes in the Holy Spirit.’ I have seen and have borne witness that this is the Son of God.”

The next day John was standing with two of his disciples, and he looked at Jesus as He walked by and said, “Behold, the Lamb of God!” The two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus.

When Jesus turned and saw them following, He said to them, “What do you seek?” They said to Him, “Rabbi” (which translated means Teacher), “where are You staying?” He said to them, “Come, and you will see.” So they came and saw where He was staying; and they stayed with Him that day, for it was about the tenth hour.

One of the two who heard John speak and followed Him was Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother. He first found his own brother Simon and said to him, “We have found the Messiah” (which translated means Christ). He brought him to Jesus. Jesus looked at him and said, “You are Simon the son of John; you shall be called Cephas” (which is translated Peter).

The day after this John the Baptist was standing with two of his disciples, and as he watched Jesus walk by, he exclaimed, “Behold, the Lamb of God!” The disciples of John the Baptist witnessed this and followed Jesus. The next day John was again standing with two disciples and as he watched Jesus walk by he exclaimed again, “Behold, the Lamb of God!” This time the two disciples went after Jesus.

These men became the first disciples of Jesus Christ. When Jesus turned and saw them following Him, He asked them what they were seeking. They said to Him, “Rabbi (which is translated Teacher), where are You staying?” Jesus said to them, “Come and you will see.” So they came and saw where He was staying; and they remained with Him that day which was about the tenth hour.

One of these men was Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother. He found his own brother Simon and said to him, “We have found the Messiah” (which is translated Christ). He took Simon to meet Jesus. Jesus looked at him and said, “You are Simon the son of John; you shall be called Cephas” (which is translated Peter).

The day after John had proclaimed Jesus as the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world, John was again standing with two of his disciples. As Jesus walked by, John exclaimed for a third time, “Behold, the Lamb of God!” This time John’s disciples followed Jesus .

When Jesus turned and saw them following him, he asked them what they wanted. They said to him, “Rabbi” (which is translated Teacher), “where are you staying?” He said to them, “Come and see.” So they went and saw where he was staying; and they stayed with him that day. It was about the tenth hour.

One of these men was Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother. He first found his own brother Simon and said to him, “We have found the Messiah” (which is translated Christ). He brought Simon to meet Jesus.

Jesus looked at him and said, “You are Simon the son of John. You will be called Cephas” (which is translated Peter).

The Significance of Jesus’s Baptism

Jesus’s baptism holds significant meaning in Christian beliefs. It symbolizes Jesus’s identification with sinful humanity and foreshadows his sacrificial death on the cross. This act of baptism marks the beginning of his public ministry and serves as an act of obedience to fulfill all righteousness. The baptism also highlights the coming of the Holy Spirit and the Father’s voice of approval, affirming Jesus as the beloved Son of God.

In the New Testament, the baptism of Jesus is referenced as a significant event and serves as a basis for the Christian rite of baptism. It signifies the act of being cleansed and reborn in faith, following the example set by Jesus himself. Just as Jesus submitted to baptism, Christians believe that through baptism, they are united with Christ and share in his redemptive work.

In Jesus’ baptism account the key events were his identification with sinners and his commissioning for public ministry. As Jesus came up out of the water, the heavens were opened, the Spirit descended on him like a dove, and a voice from heaven said, “This is my dearly loved Son, in whom I am well pleased” (Matt 3:16-17).

The Spirit’s descent identified Jesus with the Spirit-anointed Servant of Isaiah 42:1 who would bring justice to the nations. The Father’s voice at Jesus’ baptism announced the beginning of his public ministry. While the inauguration of Jesus’ earthly ministry is often linked with his baptism, it is important to remember that his disciples were not present at his baptism. Rather, they began following him after he had already been baptized and had begun his public ministry (John 1:35-51).

The significance of Jesus’ baptism is twofold. First, through baptism, we are united with Christ and share in his redemptive work. As Paul says in Romans 6:3-5, “Or don’t you know that all of us who were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? We were therefore buried with him through baptism into death in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, we too may live a new life. For if we have been united with him like this in his death, we will certainly also be united with him in his resurrection.”

Second, Jesus’ baptism was a sign that he was the one who would fulfill all righteousness (Matt 3:15). In other words, Jesus’ baptism was a sign that he was obedient to God’s will and that he would carry out God’s plan for salvation.

While we cannot be certain of the exact meaning of Jesus’ statement that he came to “fulfill all righteousness,” we can be certain that his baptism was an important part of God’s plan for our salvation.

The Role of Obedience and Humility

“Let it be so now, for thus it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness.” – Matthew 3:15

Jesus’s baptism serves as a powerful example of obedience and humility. Despite having no sin, Jesus willingly submitted to be baptized by John the Baptist. It demonstrates his humility and willingness to identify with sinful humanity. Through his baptism, Jesus shows his commitment to fulfill all righteousness and carries out the divine plan for the redemption of mankind. This act of obedience sets the stage for his ministry and his ultimate sacrifice on the cross.

As Christians reflect on the significance of Jesus’s baptism, they are reminded of the importance of obedience and humility in their own lives. By following Jesus’s example, believers strive to be obedient to God’s will and humble themselves before him. Through baptism, they publicly declare their faith and commitment to live in accordance with God’s righteousness.

The Significance of Baptism in the New Testament

In the New Testament, baptism holds great significance as a visible sign of faith and entrance into the community of believers. It represents the cleansing from sin and the new life found in Christ. Just as Jesus’s baptism marked the beginning of his earthly ministry, baptism for Christians marks the beginning of their spiritual journey as followers of Christ.

Through baptism, believers are united with Christ and are filled with the Holy Spirit. It is a sacrament that signifies their identification with Jesus’s death, burial, and resurrection. In this act of initiation, they publicly declare their faith and commit to living a life that reflects the teachings and example of Jesus Christ.

Summary

The significance of Jesus’s baptism lies in its symbolism and its connection to the larger narrative of God’s redemptive plan. Jesus’s act of obedience and humility in being baptized foreshadowed his sacrificial death on the cross. His baptism marks the beginning of his public ministry and signifies his identification with sinful humanity.

In the New Testament, baptism is seen as a significant event and serves as the basis for the Christian rite of baptism. Through baptism, believers publicly declare their faith, unite with Christ, and receive the Holy Spirit. It is a visible sign of their commitment to live in obedience to God and to follow the example of Jesus.

The History of Redemption

The baptism of Jesus holds significant historical and theological importance within the context of redemption. It is a pivotal event that fulfills the promises made in the Old Testament and sets the stage for the coming of the Messiah. This history of redemption can be traced back to the very beginning, with the promise of redemption in Genesis 3:15, where God declares that the offspring of the woman will crush the head of the serpent.

John the Baptist, in his ministry, including his baptism, plays a crucial role in the history of redemption. He prepares the way for Jesus and points to the ultimate atoning sacrifice that Jesus would make. John’s baptism serves as a baptism of repentance, paving the way for the forgiveness of sins and the coming of the kingdom of God. His baptism acts as a bridge between the Old Testament prophecies and the fulfillment of righteousness in Jesus.

With the baptism of Jesus, the history of redemption takes a significant leap forward. It marks the beginning of the age-long unfolding of God’s plan for the salvation of humanity. Jesus’s baptism inaugurates a new era, where the promises made in the Old Testament are being fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is being established on earth. It serves as an important milestone in the history of God’s redemptive work and sets the stage for Jesus’s ministry and ultimately, his sacrificial death on the cross.

The Biblical References of Jesus’s Baptism

The baptism of Jesus is recorded in several biblical references ( biblical references of Jesus’ baptism) , primarily found in the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Each Gospel provides unique insights into the baptism and its significance in the broader narrative of redemption. Matthew 3:13–17 presents the account of Jesus’s baptism, emphasizing his role as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies. Mark 1:9–11 highlights the dramatic opening of the heavens and the descent of the Holy Spirit. Luke 3:21–22 draws a connection between the baptism and the ministry of the Holy Spirit.

These biblical references not only serve as historical accounts of the baptism but also provide deeper theological understanding. They demonstrate the continuity between the Old Testament promises of redemption and their fulfillment in Jesus. The baptism of Jesus is a pivotal moment that sets the stage for the salvation of humanity, revealing the unfolding plan of God throughout history.

Table: The History of Redemption

EventBiblical Reference
Promise of redemptionGenesis 3:15
John the Baptist’s ministry and baptismMatthew 3:1-12, Mark 1:4-8, Luke 3:3-14
Baptism of JesusMatthew 3:13-17, Mark 1:9-11, Luke 3:21-22
Jesus’s ministry and sacrificial deathMatthew, Mark, Luke, John
Establishment of the kingdom of GodMatthew, Mark, Luke, John

The history of redemption, as seen through the baptism of Jesus, highlights the unfolding plan of God for the salvation of humanity. From the promise of redemption in Genesis to the ministry and sacrificial death of Jesus, each event plays a crucial role in the broader narrative of God’s redemptive work. The baptism of Jesus serves as a cornerstone of this history, marking a turning point in the establishment of the kingdom of God on earth.

John the Baptist’s Role

John the Baptist plays a vital role in the baptism of Jesus. He is portrayed as the forerunner of the Messiah, preparing the people for the coming of Jesus. John’s baptism is described as a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. By baptizing Jesus, John acknowledges Jesus’s superiority, but initially hesitates because Jesus has no sins to repent of. However, Jesus’s baptism by John serves as a fulfillment of righteousness and points to the greater baptism with the Holy Spirit that Jesus would bring.

John the Baptist’s role as the forerunner and baptizer sets the stage for Jesus’s ministry. His call for repentance and baptism symbolize a turning away from sin and a readiness to receive the message of the Kingdom of God that Jesus would proclaim. John’s ministry creates a sense of anticipation and prepares the hearts of the people for the coming of Jesus, the long-awaited Messiah.

“I baptize you with water for repentance, but he who is coming after me is mightier than I, whose sandals I am not worthy to carry. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire.” – Matthew 3:11

Jesus’s acceptance of John’s baptism not only affirms John’s ministry but also establishes a connection between the Old Testament prophecies and the coming of the Messiah. Through his baptism, (biblical baptism)Jesus identifies himself with sinful humanity and confirms his mission to bring salvation and the forgiveness of sins. John the Baptist’s role in baptizing Jesus highlights the continuity between the Old Testament promises and the fulfillment found in Jesus, the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world.

John the Baptist Baptizing Jesus

John the Baptist’s Role

John the Baptist (Jesus’ baptism account) plays a crucial role in the (baptism of Jesus). He is portrayed as the forerunner of the Messiah, preparing the people for the coming of Jesus. John’s baptism is described as a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. By baptizing Jesus, John acknowledges Jesus’s superiority but is initially hesitant because Jesus has no sins to repent of. Jesus’s baptism by John serves as a fulfillment of righteousness and points to the greater baptism with the Holy Spirit that Jesus would bring.

John the Baptist’s role is significant in paving the way for Jesus’s ministry. His call for repentance and baptism sets the stage for the message of the Kingdom of God that Jesus would proclaim. John’s baptism represents a turning away from sin and a readiness to receive the message of salvation. Through his ministry, John creates a sense of anticipation and prepares the hearts of the people for the coming of Jesus, the long-awaited Messiah.

“I baptize you with water for repentance, but he who is coming after me is mightier than I, whose sandals I am not worthy to carry. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire.” – Matthew 3:11

Jesus’s acceptance of John’s baptism not only validates John’s ministry but also establishes a connection between the Old Testament prophecies and the coming of the Messiah. By being baptized by John, Jesus identifies himself with sinful humanity and affirms his mission to bring salvation and the forgiveness of sins. John the Baptist’s role in baptizing Jesus underscores the continuity between the promises of the Old Testament and their fulfillment in Jesus, who is the Lamb of God that takes away the sins of the world.

The Opening of the Heavens and the Descent of the Spirit

The baptism of Jesus is a moment of divine manifestation, marked by the opening of the heavens and the descent of the Spirit. It is a powerful and symbolic event that reveals the unique relationship between Jesus and God. As the waters of the Jordan River cover Jesus, the heavens open, signifying the opening of the way to God’s presence and the establishment of a new era. This act demonstrates God’s approval and sets the stage for Jesus’s ministry on earth.

The descent of the Spirit like a dove is a visible manifestation of God’s anointing and empowerment for Jesus’s mission. The imagery of a dove is often associated with peace and purity, further highlighting the divine nature of Jesus and his role as the beloved Son of God. This moment signifies the anointing of Jesus by the Holy Spirit and his divine commission to carry out the work of redemption.

“And when Jesus had been baptized, just as he came up from the water, suddenly the heavens were opened to him and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and alighting on him. And a voice from heaven said, ‘This is my Son, the Beloved, with whom I am well pleased.'” – Matthew 3:16-17

This event is a profound revelation of the Trinity, as all three persons are present and actively involved. Jesus, the Son, is being baptized. The Holy Spirit descends and rests upon him. And the Father’s voice is heard, affirming Jesus as his beloved Son. The baptism of Jesus demonstrates the eternal unity and mutual indwelling of the three divine persons. It is a significant moment that sets the stage for the ministry and mission of Jesus, marking the beginning of a new era of salvation.

SymbolDescription
The Opening of the HeavensThe heavens open, signifying access to God’s presence and the establishment of a new era.
The Descent of the SpiritThe Spirit of God descends like a dove, symbolizing the anointing and empowerment for Jesus’s ministry.
The Voice of the FatherThe Father’s voice is heard, affirming Jesus as his beloved Son.

Through the baptism of Jesus, we witness a divine revelation. The opening of the heavens and the descent of the Spirit confirm Jesus’s identity and mission. They signify the inauguration of a new era of salvation, where humanity can have access to God through the work of Jesus Christ. This event holds great significance in Christian beliefs and serves as a powerful reminder of God’s love and plan for redemption.

Jesus’s Answer to John’s Objection

When John the Baptist initially objected to baptizing Jesus, recognizing Jesus’s superiority and his own need for baptism from Jesus, Jesus responded with a profound statement. He said, “Let it be so now, for thus it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness.” This simple yet powerful response highlights the significance of Jesus’s baptism and the divine purpose behind it.

In his answer, Jesus acknowledges the necessity of his baptism as part of God’s plan for the redemption of humanity. Despite John’s objections, Jesus affirms the importance of fulfilling all righteousness and proceeds with the baptism. This act of obedience shows Jesus’s submission to the will of God and his commitment to fulfilling the divine purpose for his earthly ministry.

“Let it be so now, for thus it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness.”

Jesus’s answer not only addresses John’s objection but also reveals the depth of his understanding and his willingness to embrace the role that God has assigned to him. By being baptized, Jesus demonstrates his solidarity with sinful humanity and foreshadows his ultimate sacrifice on the cross. His baptism serves as a powerful symbol of humility and selflessness, reflecting his mission to seek and save the lost.

Jesus's Baptism

Table: Comparison of Commemoration Practices

TraditionCommemoration DateSignificance
Eastern OrthodoxJanuary 6thFeast of Epiphany, revelation of Jesus as the Son of God
Roman Catholic and Western denominationsWithin the week following January 6thFeast of the baptism of the Lord

By celebrating the baptism of Jesus, believers recognize the significance of this event in their faith journey. It serves as a reminder of Jesus’s humility, his role as the Messiah, and the beginning of his public ministry. Through his baptism, Jesus sets an example for all believers to follow, demonstrating the importance of obedience to God’s will and the transformative power of God’s grace.

 Baptism in the New Testament

It carries on today –  baptism in the New Testament, the act of washing with water and saying words in the Name of the Trinity, is an outward sign of an inner transformation. It is an initiation into the Christ-life, and a way of publicly expressing intention to follow Jesus. It is also a way of welcoming new members into the faith community.

The significance of Jesus’ baptism was that it was the beginning of His public ministry. It was a public profession of His faith, and it identified Him with the people He came to save. It also marked the start of His ministry of teaching and healing.

The biblical references to Jesus’ baptism are found in the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. In each of these accounts, Jesus is seen emerging from the water after His baptism, and the heavens opened up and the Holy Spirit descended on Him like a dove. A voice from heaven was also heard, declaring Jesus to be the Son of God.

This event was clearly significant to Jesus Himself, as well as to His disciples and followers. It was a turning point in His life, and it set Him on the path of His public ministry. And it is still an important event for Christians today, as it is a reminder of our own baptism into the Christ-life.

Final Thoughts – Who Baptized Jesus in the Bible

The baptism of Jesus in the Bible holds immense significance in Christian beliefs. It symbolizes Jesus’s identification with sinful humanity, foreshadowing his sacrificial death on the cross. This act of humility marks the beginning of his public ministry and demonstrates his obedience to fulfill all righteousness.

The supernatural phenomena that accompany Jesus’s baptism, such as the opening of the heavens and the descent of the Spirit, highlight his divine nature and his role as the beloved Son of God. Through this event, the interplay of the three persons of the Trinity is revealed, affirming the eternal unity and mutual indwelling of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

The baptism of Jesus also serves as a fulfillment of the promises made in the Old Testament, showcasing the history of redemption and the plan of God for the salvation of humanity. It is commemorated in various Christian traditions and serves as the basis for the sacrament of baptism.

In summary, the baptism of Jesus is a foundational event in Christian beliefs. It represents Jesus’s humility, sacrificial nature, and divine identity. This significant event showcases the interplay of the Trinity and fulfills the promises of redemption. The baptism of Jesus holds a central place in Christian theology and continues to inspire believers around the world.

FAQ

Who baptized Jesus in the Bible?

John the Baptist baptized Jesus in the Bible.

What is the significance of Jesus’s baptism?

Jesus’s baptism symbolizes his identification with sinful humanity, foreshadows his sacrificial death on the cross, and marks the beginning of his public ministry.

What is the history of redemption related to Jesus’s baptism?

Jesus’s baptism fulfills the promises made in the Old Testament and is a pivotal event that prepares the way for the ultimate atoning sacrifice of Jesus.

What was John the Baptist’s role in Jesus’s baptism?

John the Baptist played a crucial role as the forerunner of the Messiah, preparing the people for the coming of Jesus and baptizing Jesus as an act of fulfilling righteousness.

What happened during the baptism of Jesus?

The heavens opened, the Spirit of God descended like a dove, and the Father’s voice of approval affirmed Jesus as the beloved Son of God.

How did Jesus respond to John’s objection to baptizing him?

Jesus responded by saying, “Let it be so now, for thus it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness.” He emphasized the importance of fulfilling God’s plan through his baptism.

What is the significance of Jesus’s baptism in relation to humility and sacrifice?

Jesus’s baptism demonstrates his humility by willingly identifying with sinful humanity and foreshadows his sacrificial death on the cross as the ultimate atoning sacrifice.

How does Jesus’s baptism relate to the coming of the Kingdom of God?

Jesus’s baptism marks the inauguration of the Kingdom of God, bringing the saving rule of God to humanity and accomplishing the salvation of his people.

What is the role of the Trinity in Jesus’s baptism?

The baptism of Jesus reveals the interplay of the three persons of the Trinity, with the descent of the Holy Spirit and the Father’s voice of approval affirming Jesus as the Son of God.

Where is the baptism of Jesus mentioned in the Gospel accounts?

The baptism of Jesus is mentioned in the synoptic Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, with each Gospel providing unique details and perspectives on the event.

How is the baptism of Jesus commemorated and what is its significance?

The baptism of Jesus is commemorated in various Christian traditions, serving as a foundational event in Christian beliefs and the basis for the sacrament of baptism.

Can you provide a summary and conclusion regarding the baptism of Jesus?

The baptism of Jesus in the Bible is a significant event that symbolizes Jesus’s identification with sinful humanity, marks the beginning of his public ministry, and reveals the interplay of the three persons of the Trinity. It holds great significance in Christian beliefs and serves as the basis for the sacrament of baptism.

Source Links

New Testament Commentaries

Below is a table featuring some renowned New Testament commentaries, their publishers, and websites where they can be found. Please note that availability may vary and it’s always beneficial to check multiple sources for acquiring these commentaries.

Commentary NamePublisherWebsite
The New International Commentary on the New TestamentEerdmansEerdmans
Word Biblical CommentaryZondervanZondervan
Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New TestamentBaker AcademicBaker Academic
The New Testament for EveryoneWestminster John Knox PressWestminster John Knox Press
Tyndale New Testament CommentariesInterVarsity PressInterVarsity Press
Expositor’s Bible CommentaryZondervanZondervan
The Anchor Yale Bible CommentaryYale University PressYale University Press
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